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Consonants
Consonants are sounds in speech where the airflow is blocked or restricted by parts of the mouth, like the tongue, teeth, or lips. For example, the sounds for letters like “b,” “d,” “f,” and “s” are consonants. Unlike vowels, which are made with an open mouth, consonants involve closing or narrowing some part of the mouth.
Short Vowels
Short vowels are vowel sounds that are pronounced quickly and are typically found in shorter syllables. A syllable is a single, unbroken sound of a spoken (or written) word. It typically consists of a vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants. Syllables are the building blocks of words and can be thought of as units of pronunciation.
Digraph
Digraphs are pairs of letters that together make a single sound. The term “digraph” comes from the Greek words “di,” meaning “two,” and “graph,” meaning “write.” So, a digraph is literally “two letters.”
Long Vowels
Long vowels are vowel sounds that are pronounced the same way as the name of the letter itself. These sounds are held a bit longer compared to short vowels. The term “long vowels” refers to these extended vowel sounds.
Vowels and r
The letter R is a consonant, but it has a unique interaction with vowels that come before it, often changing their pronunciation. This phenomenon is called r-colored vowels or rhotic vowels.
Soft and Silent Consonants
Soft consonants are consonants that have a softer, less forceful sound compared to their hard counterparts. In English, this usually refers to the sounds that some consonants make when followed by specific vowels. Silent consonants are consonants that are written in the word but not pronounced
Other vowel Teams
Vowel teams are pairs or groups of vowels that work together to create a specific sound in a word. Here are some common vowel teams and the sounds they typically make:
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Flexible Daily Schedule for English Practice
Morning Routine (30 minutes)
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Grammar Practice (10 minutes)
- Review grammar rules or topics (e.g., verb tenses, sentence structure).
- Complete grammar exercises from textbooks or online resources.
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Vocabulary Building (10 minutes)
- Learn new words or review vocabulary lists.
- Use flashcards or vocabulary apps for practice.
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Pronunciation Practice (10 minutes)
- Focus on specific pronunciation challenges (e.g., vowel sounds, word stress).
- Listen to recordings and practice repeating phrases or sentences.
Afternoon Break (15 minutes)
- Take a short break to relax and refresh your mind.
Evening Practice (45 minutes to 1 hour)
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Grammar Application (15 minutes)
- Write a short paragraph or journal entry using the grammar rules learned in the morning.
- Focus on accuracy and correct usage.
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Vocabulary Expansion (15 minutes)
- Read a short article or watch a video in English on a topic of interest.
- Note down new words and their meanings, and use them in sentences.
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Pronunciation Review (15 minutes)
- Listen to English audio materials (podcasts, songs, news).
- Pay attention to pronunciation and intonation patterns.
- Practice mimicking native speakers.
Night Reflection (10 minutes)
- Reflect on what you’ve learned and jot down any questions or areas that need improvement.